Current impact of mining alkaline rocks on Save River water quality in Zimbabwe     

M. Meck  J. Atlhopheng  W.R.L. Masamba 《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2009,55(1-2):58

Alkaline rocks (phosphate deposits in particular) of igneous origin are currently being mined in Zimbabwe. Exploitation of these deposits, which are associated with metals and non-metals, provides a potential for changing the river water quality in the surrounding areas by increasing metal and phosphates levels in the water, thereby endangering the beneficial use of the river. The aim and objectives of this paper are to enumerate the current impacts associated with mining alkaline rocks on Save River water quality in Zimbabwe using the Dorowa mine as a case study. Though there are several impacts associated with the mining of alkaline rocks, this paper deals only with impacts on water quality.A preliminary assessment of the water quality in the Save River downstream of the Dorowa phosphate mine showed an increase in conductivity, iron content, manganese content, nitrates and hardness when compared to those taken before mining activity began. However, there was no notable increase in phosphate and metals except for Fe and Mn. A plausible explanation for the low phosphate values in the water is that the phosphates are precipitating and settling as sediments. Phosphate is known to effectively remove metals from the surface water through the formation of metal–phosphate minerals. Thus, various pollutants may be adsorbed into sediments accumulated on the bottom of the river. These sediments may accumulate pollutants over long periods and act as new pollutant sources to the overlying water when phosphate desorbs from sediments due to changes in water conditions. Therefore, the sediments can act as a source of water pollution in the future.  相似文献   

西天山的增生造山过程   总被引：63，自引：2，他引：61  

高俊  钱青  龙灵利  张喜  李继磊  苏文 《地质通报》2009,28(12):1804-1816

西天山位于中亚造山带的西南缘,经历了复杂的增生造山过程。它也是标志塔里木地块北部被动陆缘与西伯利亚地块南侧宽阔活动陆缘最后拼合的构造带。根据近年来的研究进展,将西天山划分为北天山弧增生体、伊犁地块北缘活动陆缘、伊犁地块、伊犁地块南缘活动陆缘、中天山复合弧地体、西天山（高压）增生楔和塔里木北部被动大陆边缘。同时综述了西天山蛇绿岩、高压变质岩、花岗岩类的年代学新资料,讨论了其增生造山的过程。西天山增生造山与早古生代帖尔斯克依古洋、早古生代晚期—晚古生代南天山洋和晚古生代北天山洋3个代表洋盆的演化相关,增生造山结束的时间可能是早石炭世末。二叠纪时期,西天山至整个中亚地区进入后碰撞演化阶段。现有资料证实西天山为晚古生代增生造山带,并非三叠纪碰撞造山带。  相似文献   

羌塘东部治多县索加一带甲丕拉组火山岩特征及其构造环境     

李莉  白云山  马丽艳  牛志军  段其发 《华北地质》2009,32(1)

羌塘东部治多县索加南一带在大地构造上属东特提斯构造域,处于金沙江缝合带与龙木错-澜沧江缝合带之间的昌都地块中部,广泛分布以海相为主的晚三叠世地层.其中的甲丕拉组火山岩主要由碱性玄武岩、粗面安山岩组成的一套中基性岩石,岩石化学表现为表现为低TiO2(<1%),高Al,稀土元素特征表现为轻稀土元素富集.在微量元素地球化学方面,表现为富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,εNo(t)变化在-2.2～-2.4之间,εSr(t)变化在42.6～53.4之间,表现为弧火山岩特征.据此认为该火山岩是拉竹龙-金沙江洋盆(或甘孜-理塘洋)向南消减的产物.  相似文献   

川西坳陷中段新场地区天然气研究及气源对比   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

田军  沈忠民  吕正祥  罗小平 《四川地质学报》2009,29(1):20-23

经过大量学者多年的研究总结,川西坳陷中段新场地区具备良好的生、储、盖等成藏组合。结合地质背景及碳同位素、轻烃的研究,认为新场地区天然气主要是Ⅲ型干酪根的煤型气,气藏主要分布在上三叠系的须二段和须四段,以及中侏罗系、上侏罗系地层中。  相似文献   

普光气藏长兴—飞仙关组碳酸盐岩C、O同位素、微量元素分析及古环境意义   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

徐立恒  陈践发  李玲  马广宇  刘钰丹 《地球学报》2009,30(1):103-110

以普光气藏普光2、6井为研究对象,取其长兴—飞仙关组116个白云岩样品,分析C、O同位素及微量元素特征,判断古海水盐度,并与沉积特征相结合,研究其沉积环境。分析得d13C与盐度Z呈正相关关系。普光2井飞仙关组一段、二段—飞仙关组三段,盐度及d13C、Sr、P、Ti、Mn值呈逐渐增大的趋势,沉积相经边缘浅滩—潮坪的演化进程。飞仙关组一段、二段时期,其d13C及Sr、P、Ti、Mn值较低、d13C波动小,反映海平面变化不大,且遭到淡水的冲淋,导致盐度降低;飞仙关组三段时期,处于潮坪环境, 气候干燥炎热,淡水不断地被大量蒸发,其结果导致盐度增大,d13C及Sr、P、Ti、Mn值增高,在此期间海平面变化较明显,造成d13C波动较大。碳同位素值在长兴组末期发生突降,其原因可能是在二叠纪末, 大量狭盐生物死亡而造成的。  相似文献   

反倾层状岩质边坡内开挖隧道引发边坡失稳与隧道塌方的机制和治理研究     

黄志煌  李天斌 《地质灾害与环境保护》2009,20(4):76-80

在反倾层状边坡内,开挖边坡并修筑隧道洞口后,出现岩体从隧道掌子面整体挤出和洞顶塌方现象,并导致边坡出现后缘拉裂、坡体内出现多处裂缝和岩块崩塌等坡体失稳迹象。通过对该边坡失稳和隧道塌方的勘察和机制分析,确定该坡体的变形破坏模式,提出针对性治理方案。  相似文献   

河南嵩县南部熊耳群古火山构造与成矿关系研究     

李云  赵玉 《华南地质与矿产》2009,(3):28-36

河南嵩县南部熊耳群古火山构造保存完整,喷发旋回清晰,火山岩相及爆发相主要岩石种类齐全。其主要喷发类型为裂隙式喷发,次为中心式喷发,主要受区域基底断裂控制,且沿区域切壳深大断裂带呈串珠状分布。表明基底断裂一火山喷发带一区域断裂带是一个连续发展的过程。区内金及部分有色金属矿产与熊耳群古火山活动密切关联,古火山口爆发角砾岩产出地段是寻找该类型金矿的最佳地段,受古火山构造控制的古火山口及其周边的中性、酸性次火山岩脉（墙）,是寻找钼、金、铅锌多金属矿产的有利部位。  相似文献   

鲁东地区侵入岩形成时代和期次划分——锆石SHRIMPU—Pb年龄的证据   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王世进  ;王来明  ;万渝生  ;张成基  ;宋志勇  ;王金光 《山东地质》2009,(12):8-20

鲁东地区前寒武纪侵入岩其侵入活动集中于新太古代和新元古代,均遭受不同程度的区域变质和韧性剪切带的改造,形成一套花岗质片麻岩类。新太古代早期TTG质花岗岩分布于胶北隆起区莱州一栖霞一带,经受了区域变质作用,形成一套灰色片麻岩,锆石内核SHRIMPU—Pb年龄2726—2707Ma基本代表岩浆结晶年龄,锆石变质边为2500Ma;古元古代侵入岩——莱州基性一超基性岩组合形成于1900～1850Ma左右,锆石SHRIMPU—Pb年龄（1852±9）Ma,（1868±11）Ma;新元古代侵入岩主要为花岗闪长质-二长花岗质片麻岩,出露于胶南-威海造山带,锆石U～Pb定年结果集中为892～605Ma,其中荣成超单元锆石SHRIMPU—Pb年龄720～780Ma。中生代侵入岩以花岗岩类为主,集中出露于半岛北部和东南沿海一带。燕山早期侵入岩文登超单元、垛崮山超单元、玲珑超单元锆石SHRIMPU—Pb同位素年龄值集中在167～150Ma;燕山晚期侵入岩大店超单元锆石SHRIMPU～Pb年龄120±4Ma,崂山超单元锆石SHRIMPU～Pb同位素年龄值为（120±2）～（114±2）Ma。  相似文献   

Petrogenesis of extension-related alkaline volcanism in Karaburhan (Sivrihisar–Eskisehir), NW Anatolia, Turkey     

Ender Sar&#x;fak&#x;olu  Hayrettin zen  Chris Hall 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2009,35(6):502-515

Alkaline lavas were erupted as phonolites and trachytes around Karaburhan (Sivrihisar–Eskisehir, NW Anatolia) within the Izmir–Ankara–Erzincan suture zone. These volcanic rocks were emplaced as domes, close and parallel to the ophiolite thrust line. According to ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar geochronological analyses of sanidine crystals from the phonolites, the age of the alkaline volcanics is 25 Ma (Late Oligocene–Early Miocene).The flow-textured phonolites are porphyritic and consist mainly of sanidine, clinopyroxene, and feldspathoid crystals. The clinopyroxenes show compositional zoning, with aegirine (Na_0.82–0.96Fe⁺³_0.68–0.83) rims and aegirine–augite cores (containing calcium, magnesium, and Fe⁺²). Some aegirine–augites are replaced with sodium-, calcium-, and magnesium-rich amphibole (hastingsite). Feldspathoid (hauyne) crystals enriched with elemental Na and Ca have been almost completely altered to zeolite and carbonate minerals. The fine-grained trachytes with a trachytic texture consist of feldspar (oligoclase and sanidine) phenocrystals and clinopyroxene microphenocrystals within a groundmass made up largely of alkali feldspar microlites.Although there are some differences in their element patterns, the phonolites and trachytes exhibit enrichment in LILEs (Sr, K, Rb, Ba, Th) and LREEs (La, Ce, Pr, Nd) and negative anomalies in Nb and Ta. These geochemical characteristics indicate a lithospheric mantle enriched by fluids extracted from the subduction component. In addition, the high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (0.706358–0.708052) and low ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd (0.512546–0.512646) isotope concentrations of the alkaline lavas reflect a mantle source that has undergone metasomatism by subduction-derived fluids. Petrogenetic modeling indicates that the alkaline lavas generated from the subduction-modified lithospheric mantle have undergone assimilation, fractional crystallization, and crustal contamination, acquiring high Pb, Ba, Rb, and Sr contents and Pb isotopic compositions during their ascent through the thickened crust in an extensional setting.  相似文献   

The influence of volcanism on paleoclimate in the northeast of China： Insights from Jinchuan peat, Jilin Province, China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Xumei Mao  Shenggao Cheng  Yetang Hong  Yongxuan Zhu  Fenglin Wang 《中国地球化学学报》2009,28(2):212-219

Just like contemporary sediments, peat itself is a good repository of information about climate change, the effects of volcanic activity on climate change have been truly recorded in peat, since it is a major archive of volcanic eruption incidents. A section of sand was identified as tephra from the Jinchuan peat, Jilin Province, China, for the grains look like slag with surface bubbles and pits, characterized by high porosity, and loose structure with irregular edges and corners. According to the peat characteristics of uniform deposition, the tephra was dated at 2002–1976 a B.P. by way of linear interpolation, so the time of volcanic eruption was 15 B.C.–26 A.D. (the calibrated age). While the geochemical characteristics of tephra in this study are quite the same as those of tephra from the Jinlongdingzi volcano at Longgang and from alkaline basaltic magma, with the contents of SiO₂<55%, and the similar contents to Al₂O₃ and Fe, but the contents of Na₂O>K₂O. We speculated that the tephra in this study came from the Longgang volcano group. Compared with 11 recorded volcanic eruption events as shown on the carbon and oxygen isotope curves of the Jinchuan peat cellulose, it is obviously seen that adjacent or large-scale volcanic eruptions are precisely corresponding to the minimum temperature and humidity. It seems that these volcanic eruptions indeed affected the local climate, leading to the drop of regional temperature and humidity. As a result, there was prevailing a cold and dry climate there, and all these changes can be well recorded in peat. So the comparison of volcanic eruption events with information about climate change developed from peat, can provide strong evidence for the impact of volcanism on climate change.  相似文献